Ideal and Non-Ideal solution
Table: Ideal and non-ideal solutions
Ideal solutions | Non-ideal solutions | ||
Positive deviation from Raoult's law | Negative deviation from Raoult's law | ||
1. Obey Raoult's law at every range of concentration. | 1. Do not obey Raoult's law. | 1. Do not obey Raoult's law. | |
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6. Escaping tendency of 'A' and 'B' should be same in pure liquids and in the solution. | 6. 'A' and 'B' escape easily showing higher vapour pressure than the expected value. | 6. Escaping tendency of both components 'A' and 'B' is lowered showing lower vapour pressure than expected ideally. | |
Examples: Dilute solutions; benzene + toluene: n-hexane + n-heptane; chlorobenzene + bromobenzene; ethyl bromide + ethyl iodide; n-butyl chloride + n-butyl bromide |
Examples: Acetone +ethanol acetone + water + methanol; water + ethanol; acetone + benzene; cyclohexane + ethanol |
Examples: Acetone + aniline; acetone + chloroform;
chloroform + diethyl ether; water + HCl; acetic acid + pyridine; chloroform + benzene
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Graphical representation of ideal and non-ideal solutions
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